{"id":793212,"date":"2018-06-01T08:36:01","date_gmt":"2018-06-01T15:36:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/boylamsal-calisma-nedir-tanim-ve-aciklama\/"},"modified":"2018-06-01T08:36:01","modified_gmt":"2018-06-01T08:36:01","slug":"boylamsal-calisma-nedir-tanim-ve-aciklama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/boylamsal-calisma-nedir-tanim-ve-aciklama\/","title":{"rendered":"Boylamsal \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Nedir? Tan\u0131m ve A\u00e7\u0131klama"},"content":{"rendered":"
Bu makalede, boylamsal ara\u015ft\u0131rma hakk\u0131nda bilmeniz gereken her \u015feyi ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. <\/span><\/p>\n Boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerine daha yak\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m, bu t\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n art\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve eksilerini g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irelim ve baz\u0131 yararl\u0131 boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6rneklerini payla\u015fal\u0131m. <\/span><\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7erik Dizini<\/p>\n Boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmad\u0131r. Daha \u00e7ok t\u0131bbi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda ve psikoloji ya da sosyoloji gibi di\u011fer alanlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n Bu y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131rken, uzun vadeli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma projesine kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in zaman\u0131n\u0131z oldu\u011funda boylamsal bir anket, eyleme ge\u00e7irilebilir i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fclerle sonu\u00e7 verebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n Boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda genellikle <\/span> Bir\u00e7ok t\u0131bbi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma boylamsald\u0131r; ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar uzun y\u0131llar boyunca ayn\u0131 denekleri not eder ve onlardan veri toplar. <\/span><\/p>\n Boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr, tekrarlanabilir ve nicel ve nitel verileri hesaba katabilir. Gelecekteki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 ana boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurun:<\/span><\/p>\n Panel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131:<\/b> Bir panel ara\u015ft\u0131r<\/a> mas\u0131, daha \u00f6nemli bir pop\u00fclasyondan bir \u00f6rneklem i\u00e7erir ve daha uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca belirli aral\u0131klarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. <\/span> <\/p>\n Panel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n temel \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u00f6rneklemden zaman i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 noktalarda veri toplamas\u0131d\u0131r. Panel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu nicel analiz i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ancak nitel veri toplamak ve analiz etmek i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131labilirler.<\/span><\/p>\n Kohort \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131:<\/b> Bir kohort \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/a>, bir kohortu (belirli bir zamanda tipik olarak ayn\u0131 olay\u0131 ya\u015fayan bir grup insan) \u00f6rneklemektedir. T\u0131bbi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kohort \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapma e\u011filimindedir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 klinik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 kohort \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na benzer olarak de\u011ferlendirebilir. <\/span><\/p>\n Kohort \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n testlere tabi tutuldu\u011fu klinik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n aksine, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 m\u00fcdahale etmeden sadece g\u00f6zlemlerler.<\/span><\/p>\n Retrospektif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma: <\/b>Retrospektif bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, benzer metodoloji ve de\u011fi\u015fkenlerle daha \u00f6nce y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda toplanan mevcut verileri kullan\u0131r. <\/span> <\/p>\n Retrospektif bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yaparken ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 idari bir veri taban\u0131, \u00f6nceden var olan t\u0131bbi kay\u0131tlar veya bire bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler kullan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n G\u00f6sterdi\u011fimiz gibi, boylamsal bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bilim, t\u0131p ve di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok alanda yararl\u0131d\u0131r. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n boylamsal bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctmek istemesinin bir\u00e7ok nedeni vard\u0131r. Bunun temel nedenlerinden biri, boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 benzersiz i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler sunmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n Beklenmedik bulgular\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in ek veri noktalar\u0131 toplanabilir ve tespit edilen yakla\u015f\u0131ma g\u00f6re ankette de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131labilir. <\/span>\u0130li\u015fkiler veya modeller geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veri toplanmal\u0131 ve sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek i\u00e7in ay\u0131klanmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span> <\/li>\n Boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 bize uzun vadeli \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler ve ili\u015fkiler bulma becerisinin \u00e7ok de\u011ferli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir, bu nedenle potansiyel \u00f6nyarg\u0131lardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in planlama yapmak ve gerekli ad\u0131mlar\u0131 atmak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span> Boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar genellikle kesitsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fkenlerinin bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015febildi\u011fi boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n aksine, bir <\/span>\n
Boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma nedir?<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n anketler<\/span>
\n<\/a> Nitel ya da nicel veri toplamak i\u00e7in. Ayr\u0131ca, boylamsal bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, bir anket olu\u015fturucu anket kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etmez. Bunun yerine, anketi haz\u0131rlayan ki\u015fi kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lardaki, davran\u0131\u015flardaki veya tutumlardaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6zlemlemek i\u00e7in anketleri zaman i\u00e7inde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\nBoylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma t\u00fcrleri<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
Boylamsal anket yapman\u0131n avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\n
Boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n avantajlar\u0131<\/b><\/h3>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n<\/b><\/p>\nBoylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n dezavantajlar\u0131<\/b><\/h3>\n
\n
\n<\/span>Boylamsal anketlerin temel dezavantaj\u0131, uzun vadeli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen sonu\u00e7lar verme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00fcncellemek i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi bulunamazsa ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclemez. Verilerin g\u00f6zlemlenebilir kal\u0131plar veya izlenebilecek ili\u015fkiler \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 da birka\u00e7 y\u0131l alabilir.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
\n<\/span>\u0130lk numunenin zaman i\u00e7inde kaybolabilece\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca ayn\u0131 denekleri i\u00e7erdi\u011finden, veri toplama zamanlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu deneklerin ba\u015f\u0131na gelenler gelecekte toplanan verileri etkileyebilir.<\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Baz\u0131 ki\u015filer ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 b\u0131rakmaya karar verebilir. Di\u011ferleri ara\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in do\u011fru demografik grupta olmayabilir. Bu fakt\u00f6rler ilk ara\u015ft\u0131rma tasar\u0131m\u0131na dahil edilmezse, elde edilen bulgular\u0131 etkileyebilir.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
\n<\/span>Ku\u015fkusuz, boylamsal anket daha karma\u015f\u0131k ve pahal\u0131d\u0131r. Uzun vadeli bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma bi\u00e7imi olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n maliyeti, daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede tamamlanabilen di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rma bi\u00e7imlerine k\u0131yasla y\u0131llar veya on y\u0131llar s\u00fcrecektir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
Kesitsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara kar\u015f\u0131 boylamsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar<\/span><\/h2>\n
\n kesitsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma<\/span>
\n<\/a> t\u00fcm de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma boyunca ayn\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek bir \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6zlemler. <\/span>
\n<\/span>
\n<\/span>Boylamsal bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, de\u011fi\u015fkenler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi daha kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kesitsel bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 takip edebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n