{"id":794731,"date":"2021-12-30T10:52:08","date_gmt":"2021-12-30T17:52:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/katilimci-gozlem-nedir-turleri-ve-kullanim-alanlari\/"},"modified":"2021-12-30T10:52:08","modified_gmt":"2021-12-30T10:52:08","slug":"katilimci-gozlem-nedir-turleri-ve-kullanim-alanlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.questionpro.com\/blog\/tr\/katilimci-gozlem-nedir-turleri-ve-kullanim-alanlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem: Nedir, t\u00fcrleri ve kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem antropoloji, sosyoloji, ileti\u015fim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, siyaset bilimi, sosyal psikoloji gibi disiplinlerde ve hatta pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu metodoloji hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bir genel bak\u0131\u015f elde etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in, bu makalede en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerini, \u00f6nemini ve bir sonraki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z i\u00e7in uygulamaya koyabilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem t\u00fcrlerini derledik.<\/span><\/p>\n Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n bir grubu yaln\u0131zca g\u00f6zlem yoluyla de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda faaliyetlerine kat\u0131larak da inceledi\u011fi nitel bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/a> y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu nitel g\u00f6zlem<\/a> metodolojisinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u00e7ok senaryodaki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 kaydetmek i\u00e7in kendini kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck faaliyetlerinin i\u00e7ine sokar.<\/span><\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131na dalmalar\u0131 sayesinde insanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyebilirler: birbirleriyle olan al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fleri, resmi ve gayri resmi konu\u015fmalar\u0131, al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 vb.<\/span><\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara insanlar hakk\u0131nda d\u00fcr\u00fcst ve samimi bilgiler toplama f\u0131rsat\u0131 sunar. Ancak bu bilgiler, bu y\u00f6ntemi kullanarak tarafs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetme ve varl\u0131klar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 gruplar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme riski ta\u015f\u0131yan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n perspektifinden s\u00fcz\u00fclmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem, insanlar\u0131n ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmenize, anlaman\u0131za ve s\u00f6yledikleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bu \u015fekilde, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n birlikte bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz ki\u015filerin anlatt\u0131klar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 davran\u0131p davranmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bilmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olursunuz.<\/span><\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir grupta ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ortam\u0131nda neler olup bitti\u011fini daha iyi anlamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak g\u00f6zlem yorumlar\u0131na daha fazla g\u00fcvenilirlik kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Buna ek olarak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme t\u00fcrleri<\/a> arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla nitel veriler ve anketler ve farkl\u0131 nicel g\u00f6zlem teknikleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla nicel veriler toplamas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem, tarihsel olarak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir toplulukta uzun s\u00fcre ikamet etti\u011fi bir saha ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/a> bi\u00e7imiyle ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu metodoloji \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli ortamlarda ve tek bir etkile\u015fimden uzun y\u0131llara kadar de\u011fi\u015fen s\u00fcrelerde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak genellikle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki noktalarla karakterize edilir:<\/span><\/p>\n Art\u0131k bu y\u00f6ntemin ne oldu\u011funu ve en yayg\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerinin neler oldu\u011funu bildi\u011finize g\u00f6re, size var olan t\u00fcrleri tan\u0131taca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, deneklerinin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 onlarla hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde konu\u015fmadan veya etkile\u015fime girmeden kendi ortamlar\u0131nda g\u00f6zlemler ve kaydederler.<\/span><\/p>\n Bu kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem bi\u00e7imini kullanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n insanlar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve ileti\u015fimlerini restoranlar, kafeler, ula\u015f\u0131m merkezleri gibi halka a\u00e7\u0131k yerlerde ve hatta internette a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yenilik\u00e7i y\u00f6ntemlerle g\u00f6zlemledikleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131r Bu \u015fekilde, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar denekleriyle sohbet eder ve \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 gruplar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/span>gelenekler, rit\u00fceller, rutinler vb.<\/span><\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bu gruplara ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k derecesi de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermektedir. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar etkile\u015fimlerini g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerle s\u0131n\u0131rlarken, di\u011ferleri deneklerinin hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm y\u00f6nleriyle ilgilenir.<\/span><\/p>\n Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlemin bu t\u00fcr\u00fcne \u00f6rnek olarak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n farkl\u0131 etnik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel veya dini topluluklar aras\u0131nda uzun s\u00fcre ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar verilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n Gizli kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlemde, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 deneklerine belli etmezler ve e\u011fer ederlerse de kendilerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak tan\u0131tmazlar; a\u00e7\u0131k kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlemde ise bunu yaparlar.<\/span><\/p>\n Bununla birlikte, soru\u015fturma a\u00e7\u0131k olsa bile, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar genellikle soru\u015fturma s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ki\u015filere soru\u015fturman\u0131n \u00f6zel amac\u0131n\u0131 bildirmezler ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 herkese ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemezler, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu gereksiz yere konu\u015fmalar\u0131 ve g\u00f6zlemlenen olaylar\u0131 kesintiye u\u011fratabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n Gizli ve aktif kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlemin \u00e7e\u015fitli avantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlemde, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u00f6zlemleme f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulamayacaklar\u0131 bir gruba eri\u015febilir ve grubun uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 grup \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan deneyimlendi\u011fi \u015fekliyle deneyimleyebilirler.<\/span><\/p>\n Genel olarak, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar varl\u0131klar\u0131yla grup davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirler, ancak bu kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem bi\u00e7iminde, gruplar g\u00f6zlemlendiklerinin fark\u0131nda olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tepki olarak davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bilin\u00e7li olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyeceklerdir.<\/span><\/p>\n Gizli ve pasif kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem durumunda, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar denekleriyle aktif olarak etkile\u015fime girmedikleri ve denekler de g\u00f6zlemlendiklerinin fark\u0131nda olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n deneklerinin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeleri olas\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n Ancak g\u00f6zlem pasif oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar deneklerinin ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 bizzat deneyimleme f\u0131rsat\u0131na sahip de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n G\u00f6zlem a\u00e7\u0131k ve aktifse, insanlar deneklerinin faaliyetlerine kat\u0131labilir ve onlar\u0131 denekleri gibi deneyimleyebilirler, ancak hem onlarla etkile\u015fimleri yoluyla deneklerinin davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme hem de deneklerinin incelendiklerini bilerek davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme riskini ta\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>\n Gizli ve pasif kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlemde oldu\u011fu gibi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 gruplar\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 onlarla etkile\u015fimleri yoluyla de\u011fi\u015ftirme riskini ta\u015f\u0131mazlar.<\/span><\/p>\n Ancak, kobay etkisi, gizli ve pasif kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zleminin aksine, bu g\u00f6zlem bi\u00e7imi i\u00e7in bir sorundur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. Dahas\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar d\u00fcnyay\u0131 denekler gibi oldu\u011fu gibi deneyimleyemezler.<\/span><\/p>\n G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz gibi kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem, bir grubun veya toplulu\u011fun zaman i\u00e7indeki sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkileri hakk\u0131nda de\u011ferli bilgiler sa\u011flayan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/span><\/p>\n En \u00f6nemli i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n. QuestionPro’nun pazar ara\u015ft\u0131rma platformunu<\/a> kullanarak i\u015fletmenizi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fczde \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131karabilecek karma\u015f\u0131k i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n.<\/p>\nKat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem nedir?<\/span><\/h2>\n
Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlemin \u00f6nemi<\/span><\/h2>\n
Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlemin \u00f6zellikleri<\/span><\/h2>\n
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Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlem t\u00fcrleri<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/p>\n
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Pasif kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlemi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n netnografi\u0307<\/em>
\n<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n\n
Aktif kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 g\u00f6zlemi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Gizli ve a\u00e7\u0131k <\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Gizli ve aktif <\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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Gizli ve pasif <\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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A\u00e7\u0131k ve aktif <\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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A\u00e7\u0131k ve pasif <\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/h2>\n